How does the Internet work?

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that communicate using standardized protocols.

How does the Internet work?

The Internet is a vast, sprawling collection of networks that connect to each other. The word "Internet" comes from "internetworking," which refers to the process of connecting different networks together. Data moves across the Internet in the form of packets, using standardized protocols like TCP/IP.

Key Internet infrastructure

  • Internet backbone: High-capacity fiber-optic cables connecting major network hubs
  • Internet Exchange Points (IXPs): Locations where different networks connect to exchange traffic
  • ISPs: Internet Service Providers that connect end users to the Internet
  • DNS servers: Translate domain names into IP addresses

How data travels across the Internet

When you visit a website, your request travels from your device through your ISP, across multiple networks and routers, to the destination server. The response takes a similar path back. Each router along the way makes forwarding decisions based on the destination IP address.